Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells within the body. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a significant challenge to public health. In this article, we will explore the basics of cancer, its causes, common types, and preventive measures.

Causes of Cancer:
Cancer can develop due to various factors, and its etiology is often multifactorial. Some common causes include genetic predisposition, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and exposure to carcinogens. While some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to certain cancers, many cases are influenced by modifiable risk factors, such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Common Types of Cancer:
There are numerous types of cancer, each with its unique characteristics and treatment approaches. Some prevalent forms include:

1. Breast Cancer: Affecting both men and women, breast cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the breast tissue. Early detection through regular screenings can significantly improve outcomes.
2. Lung Cancer: Often associated with smoking, lung cancer is one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer. Non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to exposure to environmental pollutants.
3. Colorectal Cancer: Affecting the colon or rectum, colorectal cancer usually develops from precancerous polyps. Regular screenings can help detect and remove these polyps before they become cancerous.
4. Prostate Cancer: Primarily affecting men, prostate cancer develops in the prostate gland. Early detection through prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing can aid in effective management.
5. Skin Cancer: Caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources, skin cancer is one of the most preventable forms. Regular use of sunscreen and protective clothing is essential.

Photo Credit: National Cancer Institute on Unsplash